列表配置优化

术语定义

• VirtualizedList: FlatList背后的基础支撑组件（是 React Native 对虚拟列表 Virtual List概念的实现）。

• 内存开销 Memory consumption: 列表在内存中存放多少数据。开销过大可能导致应用崩溃。

• 响应度 Responsiveness: 应用对于用户操作的响应速度。比如低响应度就是你在操作时，应用要卡一会儿才响应。

• 空白区 Blank areas: 当VirtualizedList渲染的速度跟不上你滑动的速度时，你可能会在列表中看到一些尚未完成渲染的空白占位元素。

• 视口 Viewport: 已渲染内容的可视区域。

• 滑动窗口 Window: The area in which items should be mounted, which is generally much larger than the viewport.

Props

Here are a list of props that can help to improve FlatList performance:

removeClippedSubviews

类型	Default
Boolean	False

If true, views that are outside of the viewport are detached from the native view hierarchy.

好处： 启用此选项可减少花在主线程上的时间，从而降低丢帧的风险。原理是对视口之外的视图不进行本地渲染和绘图遍历。

坏处： 请注意，这种实现可能会有 bug，比如丢失内容（主要是在 iOS 上观察到的），特别是当你使用变换和/或绝对定位做复杂的事情时。另外，请注意这并不会节省大量的内存，因为视图并没有被销毁，只是被分离了。

maxToRenderPerBatch

类型	Default
Number	10

It is a VirtualizedList prop that can be passed through FlatList. This controls the amount of items rendered per batch, which is the next chunk of items rendered on every scroll.

好处： Setting a bigger number means less visual blank areas when scrolling (increases the fill rate).

坏处： More items per batch means longer periods of JavaScript execution potentially blocking other event processing, like presses, hurting responsiveness.

updateCellsBatchingPeriod

类型	Default
Number	50

While maxToRenderPerBatch tells the amount of items rendered per batch, setting updateCellsBatchingPeriod tells your VirtualizedList the delay in milliseconds between batch renders (how frequently your component will be rendering the windowed items).

好处： Combining this prop with maxToRenderPerBatch gives you the power to, for example, render more items in a less frequent batch, or less items in a more frequent batch.

坏处： Less frequent batches may cause blank areas, More frequent batches may cause responsiveness issues.

initialNumToRender

类型	Default
Number	10

The initial amount of items to render.

好处： 为每个设备定义精确的（刚好可以）覆盖屏幕的项目数量。这可以大大提升初始渲染的性能。

坏处： Setting a low initialNumToRender may cause blank areas, especially if it's too small to cover the viewport on initial render.

windowSize

类型	Default
Number	21

The number passed here is a measurement unit where 1 is equivalent to your viewport height. The default value is 21 (10 viewports above, 10 below, and one in between).

好处： Bigger windowSize will result in less chance of seeing blank space while scrolling. On the other hand, smaller windowSize will result in fewer items mounted simultaneously, saving memory.

坏处： For a bigger windowSize, you will have more memory consumption. For a lower windowSize, you will have a bigger chance of seeing blank areas.

List items

Below are some tips about list item components. They are the core of your list, so they need to be fast.

使用简单组件

组件越复杂一般渲染就越慢。Try to avoid a lot of logic and nesting in your list items. If you are reusing this list item component a lot in your app, create a component just for your big lists and make them with as little logic and nesting as possible.

使用轻量组件

组件太重自然也会拖慢渲染。尽量避免使用大图片（优先使用裁剪过的版本或是缩略图，总之越小越好）。和负责设计的同事协商，在列表中尽可能简化特效和交互，精简要展示的信息，把长内容移到详情页中。

使用 shouldComponentUpdate

Implement update verification to your components. React's PureComponent implement a shouldComponentUpdate with shallow comparison. This is expensive here because it need to check all your props. If you want a good bit-level performance, create the strictest rules for your list item components, checking only props that could potentially change. If your list is simple enough, you could even use

shouldComponentUpdate() {
  return false
}

使用优化缓存的图片库

You can use the community packages (such as react-native-fast-image from @DylanVann) for more performant images. Every image in your list is a new Image() instance. The faster it reaches the loaded hook, the faster your Javascript thread will be free again.

使用 getItemLayout

如果您的列表项组件都具有相同的高度（或宽度，对于水平列表），则提供 getItemLayout属性可以消除您的 FlatList 管理异步布局计算的需要。这是一种非常理想的优化技术。

如果您的组件具有动态大小并且确实需要性能，请考虑询问设计团队是否可以重新设计以获得更好的性能。

使用 keyExtractor 或 key

You can set the keyExtractor to your FlatList component. This prop is used for caching and as the React key to track item re-ordering.

You can also use a key prop in you item component.

避免在 renderItem 中使用匿名函数

Move out the renderItem function to the outside of render function, so it won't recreate itself each time render function called.

函数式组件

renderItem = ({ item }) => (<View key={item.key}><Text>{item.title}</Text></View>);

render(){
  // ...

  <FlatList
    data={items}
    renderItem={renderItem}
  />

  // ...
}

Class 组件

const renderItem = ({ item }) => (
   <View key={item.key}>
      <Text>{item.title}</Text>
   </View>
 );
return (
  // ...
  <FlatList data={items} renderItem={renderItem} />;
  // ...
);